mathematics "Defenition "

Rational number

-      is any number that can be expressed as the quotient or fraction p/q of two integers, with the denominator q not equal to zero. Since q may be equal to 1, every integer is a rational number.

Vinculum

-      is an overline horizontal line used in mathematical notation. It may be placed over a mathematical expression to indicate that it is to be considered grouped together, or alternatively it may function as a binary connective between arguments appearing above and below it.

NUMERATOR

-      the number or expression above the fraction bar (the dividend)

DENOMINATOR

-      the number or expression below the fraction bar (the divisor)

Square Root

-     a number that produces a specified quantity when multiplied by itself.

Imaginary numbers

-     A number that when squared gives a negative result.

Irrational numbers

-     is any real number that cannot be expressed as a ratio of integers. Informally, this means that an irrational number cannot be represented as a simple fraction. Irrational numbers are those real numbers that cannot be represented as terminating or repeating decimals.

Scientific notation

-     (commonly referred to as "standard form" or "standard index form") is a way of writing numbers that are too big or too small to be conveniently written in decimal form. Scientific notation has a number of useful properties and is commonly used in calculators and by scientists, mathematicians and engineers.

           

Real Numbers

-     is a value that represents a quantity along a continuous line. The real numbers include all the rational numbers, such as the integer −5 and the fraction 4/3, and all the irrational numbers such as √2 (1.41421356…, the square root of two, an irrational algebraic number) and π (3.14159265…, a transcendental number). Real numbers can be thought of as points on an infinitely long line called the number line or real line, where the points corresponding to integers are equally spaced. Any real number can be determined by a possibly infinite decimal representation such as that of 8.632, where each consecutive digit is measured in units one tenth the size of the previous one. The real line can be thought of as a part of the complex plane, and complex numbers include real numbers.